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Compare Tuvalu (2003) - Indian Ocean (2001)
Compare Tuvalu (2003) z Indian Ocean (2001)
| Tuvalu (2003) | Indian Ocean (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none | - |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 31.9% (male 1,838; female 1,772)
15-64 years: 63% (male 3,432; female 3,687) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 231; female 345) (2003 est.) |
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| Agriculture - products | coconuts; fish | - |
| Airports | 1 (2002) | - |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
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| Area | total: 26 sq km
land: 26 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
68.556 million sq km note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Strait of Malacca, and other tributary water bodies |
| Area - comparative | 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC | about 5.5 times the size of the US |
| Background | In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years. | The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south. |
| Birth rate | 21.58 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | - |
| Budget | revenues: $22.5 million
expenditures: $11.2 million, including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.) |
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| Capital | Funafuti | - |
| Climate | tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) | northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean |
| Coastline | 24 km | 66,526 km |
| Constitution | 1 October 1978 | - |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands |
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| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar | - |
| Death rate | 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | - |
| Debt - external | $NA | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu | - |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, New York 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534 | - |
| Disputes - international | none | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) |
| Economic aid - recipient | $13 million ; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.) | - |
| Economy - overview | Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this Fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu, because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could increase substantially over the next decade. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and investment income from overseas assets. | The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
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| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
lowest point:
Java Trench -7,258 m highest point: sea level 0 m |
| Environment - current issues | since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary | endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea |
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| Ethnic groups | Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4% | - |
| Exchange rates | Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.8406 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998) | - |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Faimalaga LUKA (since 9 September 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Saufatu SOPOANGA (since 2 August 2002) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 2 August 2002 (next to be held NA) election results: Saufatu SOPOANGA elected prime minister; Parliamentary vote - Saufatu SOPOANGA 8, Amasone KILEI 7 |
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| Exports | $276,000 f.o.b. (1997) | - |
| Exports - commodities | copra, fish | - |
| Exports - partners | UK 58.3%, Italy 16.7%, Denmark 8.3%, Fiji 8.3% (2002) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | - |
| Flag description | light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands | - |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $12.2 million (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
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| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2000 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 8 00 S, 178 00 E | 20 00 S, 80 00 E |
| Geography - note | one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon | major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait |
| Highways | total: 8 km
paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.) |
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| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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| Imports | $7.2 million c.i.f. (1998) | - |
| Imports - commodities | food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods | - |
| Imports - partners | Hungary 68.2%, Japan 12.9%, Fiji 11.9% (2002) | - |
| Independence | 1 October 1978 (from UK) | - |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | - |
| Industries | fishing, tourism, copra | - |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 21.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
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| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5% (2000 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant) | - |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | - |
| Judicial branch | High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction) | - |
| Labor force | 7,000 (2001 est.) | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors) | - |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | - |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
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| Languages | Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) | - |
| Legal system | NA | - |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15 |
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| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 67.32 years
male: 65.15 years female: 69.59 years (2003 est.) |
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| Literacy | definition: NA%
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
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| Location | Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia | body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia |
| Map references | Oceania | World |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
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| Merchant marine | total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 33,199 GRT/56,187 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 5 (2002 est.) |
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| Military branches | no regular military forces; Police Force (includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and surveillance operations) | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 1 October (1978) | - |
| Nationality | noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan |
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| Natural hazards | severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level | occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches |
| Natural resources | fish | oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | - |
| Population | 11,305 (July 2003 est.) | - |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | 1.42% (2003 est.) | - |
| Ports and harbors | Funafuti, Nukufetau | Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1999) | - |
| Railways | 0 km | - |
| Religions | Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6% | - |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: NA |
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| Telephones - main lines in use | 1,000 (1997) | - |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1994) | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (1997) | - |
| Terrain | very low-lying and narrow coral atolls | surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge |
| Total fertility rate | 3.05 children born/woman (2003 est.) | - |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | - |
| Waterways | none | - |
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